The Evolution of the Chief Medical Officer: From Byzantine Archiatros to Modern Chief Physician Executive

Mark D. Olszyk, MD, MBA, CPE, FACEP, FACHE

Nov 14, 2025

Physician Leadership Journal

Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 38-40

https://doi.org/10.55834/plj.9932391864

Abstract

This article outlines the CMO’s evolution from the Byzantine archiatros to today’s chief physician executive, highlighting the shift from clinical oversight to strategic leadership. It explores major milestones — like the influence of medical guilds and the rise of patient-centered, data-driven care — that have expanded the CMO’s responsibilities, underscoring the essential role of physician leadership in modern healthcare.

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