Redefining Physician Leadership: A Comparative Review of Traditional and Emerging Competencies and Domains

This structured review of peer-reviewed literature reexamines the frequency and prioritization of leadership competencies, domains, and identifiers across a curated selection of 51 articles addressing physician leadership development, supplemented by quantitative analysis of American Association for Physician Leadership (AAPL) competency assessments totaling 463 points across 36 competencies and nine domains. It also identifies novel competencies that align with current leadership discernment. Through structured review and collation of assessments from three independent physician reviewers, this analysis identifies the top and bottom competencies, domains, and identifiers crucial to effective leadership in healthcare. To further validate the findings, a panel of leadership-focused reviewers conducted an external appraisal to strengthen the analysis’s credibility and interpretive rigor. Findings highlight the persistent value of collaborative function, team building, and motivational leadership as essential components of physician leadership, while revealing critical gaps in financial acumen, risk management, and leadership presence. This work contributes to the growing discourse on strategic leadership development in healthcare and offers evidence-based guidance for future faculty development curricula.